Aneurysms of the descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aorta: results of open surgeries

Objective. Analysis of seven-year experience of open surgeries for aneurysms of the thoracic and thoracoabdominal aorta. Material and methods. The study included 111 patients with aneurysms of the descending aorta, who in the period from 2007 to 2014 underwent open surgery. Among them, 27 (24.3%) patients were diagnosed with thoracoabdominal aneurysm (TAA) type 1, 13 (11.7%) - TAA type 2, 16 (14.4%) - TAA type 3, 21 (18.9%) - TAA type 4, and 34 (30.6%) patients had local aneurysms of the descending thoracic aorta. Aortic dissection was noted in 47 (42.3%) cases. Results. Combined endpoint of adverse outcome were 30-days mortality, renal failure that required dialysis, persistent lower paraplegia or paraparesis. An unfavorable outcome was observed in 14 (12.6%) patients; 30-days mortality was 6.3%. Persistent paraplegia or paraparesis occurred in 3 (2.7%) cases, and renal failure requiring dialysis was observed in 4 (3.6%) patients. Conclusion. Open surgery for thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms allows to save the lives of patients with the risk of rupture of the aneurysm. However, these operations are complex, they are associated with early mortality and the occurrence of serious complications. Improving surgical techniques, as well as ensuring of such operations leads to the reduction in the frequency of adverse outcomes of treatment.

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