COMPARISON OF ZINC LEVELS IN THE VARIOUS BIOSUBSTRATES OF PATIENTS WITH UNSTABLE ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUE

The article describes the content and comparative characteristics of zinc level in the hair, biopsies of carotid atherosclerotic plaques (AP) and serum in patients with carotid atherosclerosis. The highest concentration of zinc is found in hair compared to the AP and serum. Zinc levels is higher in AP than in the serum. It is noteworthy that the level of zinc in biopsies of unstable AP was lower compared to the level of zinc in hair.

Karimov Sh.I., Sunnatov R.D., Irnazarov A.A., Yulbarisov A.A., Muminov R.T., Alidzhanov Kh.K. Surgical aspects of the treatment of bilateral atherosclerotic lesions of the carotid arteries. Angiologiya I sosudistaya khirurgiya. 2014; 2: 118-23. (in Russian)

Skal’naya M.G. Substantiation of correction of elemental imbalance in women of perimenopausal age suffering from metabolic diseases. Esteticheskaya meditsina. 2010; 2: 164-9. (in Russian)

Alcantara E.H., Shin M.Y., Feldmann J., Nixon G.F., Beattie J.H., Kwun I.S. Long-term zinc deprivation accelerates rat vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation involving the down-regulation of JNK1/2 expression in MAPK signaling. Atherosclerosis. 2013; 228:46–52.

Alexanian I., Parissis J., Farmakis D., Athanaselis S., Pappas L., Gavrielatos G. et al. Clinical and echocardiographic correlates of serum copper and zinc in acute and chronic heart failure. Clin. Res. Cardiol. 2014; 103: 938–49.

Bao B., Prasad A.S., Beck F.W., Fitzgerald J.T., Snell D., Bao G.W. et al. Zinc decreases C-reactive protein, lipid peroxidation, and inflammatory cytokines in elderly subjects: a potential implication of zinc as an atheroprotective agent. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2010; 91: 1634–41.

Chasapis C.T., Loutsidou A.C., Spiliopoulou C.A., Stefanidou M.E. Zinc and human health: an update. Arch. Toxicol. 2012; 86:521–34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-011-0775-1

Choi S., Liu X., Pan Z. Zinc deficiency and cellular oxidative stress: prognostic implications in cardiovascular diseases. Acta Pharmacol. Sin. 2018; 39: 1120–32.

Cohen N., Golik A. Zinc balance and medications commonly used in the management of heart failure. Heart Fail Rev. 2006; 11: 19–24.

Giannoglou G.D., Konstantinou D.M., Kovatsi L., Chatzizisis Y.S., Mikhailidis D.P. Association of reduced zinc status with angiographically severe coronary atherosclerosis: a pilot study. Angiology. 2010; 61: 449–55.

Hashemian M., Poustchi H., Mohammadi-Nasrabadi F., Hekmatdoost A. Systematic review of zinc biochemical indicators and risk of coronary heart disease. ARYA Arther. 2015; 11: 357–65.

Huang L., Teng T., Bian B., Yao W., Yu X., Wang Z. et al. Zinc levels in left ventricular hypertrophy. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 2017; 176: 48–55.

Huang L., Teng T., Bian B., Yao W., Yu X., Wang Z., et al. Zinc levels in left ventricular hypertrophy. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 2017; 176: 48–55.

Jayawardena R., Ranasinghe P., Galappatthy P., Malkanthi Rldk., Constantine Gr., Katulanda P. Effects of zinc supplementation on diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome. 2012; 4: 13.

Kazi T.G., Afridi H.I., Kazi N., Jamali M.K., Arain M.B., Jalbani N. et al Copper, chromium, manganese, iron, nickel, and zinc levels in biological samples of diabetes mellitus patients. Biol. Trace . Res. 2008; 122: 1-18.

Liu B., Cai Z.-Q., Zhou Y.-M. Deficient zinc levels and myocardial infarction. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 2015; 165: 41–50.

Maxfield L., Crane J.S. Available online at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/journals/NBK493231/ (accessed March 20, 2021).

Mohammadifard N., Humphries K.H., Gotay C., Mena-Sanchez G., Salas-Salvado J., Esmaillzadeh A. et al. Trace minerals intake: risks and benefits for cardiovascular health. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 2019; 59: 1334–46.

Mohammadifard N., Humphries K.H., Gotay C., Mena-Sanchez G., Salas-Salvado J., Esmaillzadeh A., et al. Trace minerals intake: risks and benefits for cardiovascular health. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 2019; 59: 1334–46.

Munshi A., Babu S., Kaul S., Shafi G., Rajeshwar K., Alladi S. et al. Depletion of serum zinc in ischemic stroke patients. Methods and Findings in Exp. and Clin. Pharm. 2010; 32: 433.

Pilz S., Dobnig H., Winklhofer-Roob B.M., Renner W., Seelhorst U.,

Wellnitz B. et al. Low serum zinc concentrations predict mortality in patients referred to coronary angiography. Br. J. Nutr. 2009; 101: 1534–40.

Radak D., Cvetković Z., Tasić N. et al. The content of copper and zinc in human ulcerated carotid plaque. Srp. Arh. Celok Lek. 2004; 132: 80-4.

Reiterer G., MacDonald R., Browning J.D., Morrow J., Matveev S.V., Daugherty A. et al. Zinc deficiency increases plasma lipids and atherosclerotic markers in LDL-receptor-deficient mice. J. Nutr. 2005; 135: 2114–8.

Su Kyoung Jung, Mi-Kyung Kim, Young-Hoon Lee, Dong Hoon Shin, Min-Ho Shin, Byung-Yeol Chun et al. Lower Zinc Bioavailability May Be Related to Higher Risk of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Korean Adults. Plos One. 2013; 6: 8(11): e80115.

Tamura Y. The Role of Zinc Homeostasis in the Prevention of Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Diseases. J. Atheroscler. Thromb. 2021 Jun 19. https://doi.org/10.5551/jat.RV17057

WHO. Available Online at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds) (accessed February 18, 2021).

Yu X., Huang L., Zhao J., Wang Z., Yao W., Wu X., et al. The relationship between serum zinc level and heart failure: a meta-analysis. Biol. Med. Res. Int. 2018; 2018: 2739014.