ASSOCIATIONS OF ALLELIC VARIANTS OF GH1 AND IGF2 GENES WITH DELAYED GROWTH AND MALNUTRITION IN NEWBORNS

The slow growth and fetal malnutrition are an important medical and social problem, but many mechanisms for the development of this pathology are unexplored. The aim of the study. To study the unfavorable allelic variants for the growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2) genes in the intrauterine retardation growth and malnutrition in infants. Materials and Methods. 174 children were examined. Out of them, there were 46 cases underweighted for the gestational age (P05.0 for ICD-10) (1 group), and 83 patients were “small for gestational age “ (P05.1) (2nd group), 45 infants had no metabolic disorders (control). DNA was isolated from cord white blood cells. Single-nucleotide substitutions with the real-time detection of results were typed using the polymerase chain reaction. Results The deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was revealed only for the GH1: g.4995a> g in the group of healthy infants, mainly due to the difference in the observed and expected homozygosis from the minor allele. In 63% of the infants from the 1st group, the GH1-TA genotype g.6169t>a was detected against 44.4% in the control (p <0.05). Under the unfavorable allelic variants, GH1: g.4995a>g, in 52.1% of the newborns of the 1st group the heterozygous genotype was detected almost 2 times more often than in healthy infants (26.7%, p = 0.02). With the carriage of this genotype, the risk of prenatal weight deficit increased by 3 times (OR=3,0; 95% CI [1,25-7,22]). Under the unfavorable allelic variants GH1: g.4995a> g, in 47% of the 2 groups the heterozygous genotype of AG was detected, against 26.7% in the control (p<0.05). Conclusion An association of the heterozygous genotype GH1: g.4995a> g with “underweighted for the gestational age” has been identified.

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