ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF POPULATION HEALTH RISKS MANAGEMENT IN RUSSIA

In the article there are defined the main tasks of risk analysis and its main component - risk management, which make it possible to develop economically efficient measures, aimed at the impact reduction of environmental harmful factors for public health based on the analysis of market driven approaches «cost-benefit» and «cost-effectiveness». As well there are emphasized significant fundamental changes in the area of the legislative support of management activity, focused on sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population. The implementation of risk-focused approach to the practice of means of control and supervision to the government of Russian Federation is an integral part of control reformation system of different nature. The key problems of public health risk management in Russia are defined and the main ways of their solution are discussed. Thus, the development of reliable and scientifically based classifications of hazard level for objects requires clear criteria for supervision of assessing objects. Classes of business entities should reflect the leading risk factors, which discovered in the controlled areas. In the justification of risk from the probability (frequency) of violations of the mandatory requirements of sanitary legislation required the inventory of all consequences of the breach of sanitary legislation for each object of supervision and their ranking according to the degree of hazard. It is pointed out, that the movement towards to the technological regulation of air pollution emissions, including indicators of the Maximum Achievable Control Technology or (MACT) is a progressive management method, which requires an analysis with the use of MACT from the perspective of achieving acceptable risk levels, as well as an assessment of the effectiveness of alternative measures to reduce emissions, including MACT. It was noted, that on the basis of comparative risk analysis, it is possible to assess not only the risk to human health, but also the environmental risk to the ecosystem and its components, as well as the risk associated with the violation of the quality and living conditions. It is seen the interaction of concerned parties in the development of solutions management of health risks from environmental factors.

National Research Council. Risk Assessment in the Federal Government: Managing the Process. Washington, D.C:National Academy Press, 1983. 206 p.

Jeryl Mumpower. An Analysis of the de minimis Strategy for Risk Management. Risk analysis. Volume 6, Issue4, December 1986, Pages 437-46.

Onishhenko G.G., Novikov S.M., Rahmanin Ju.A., Avaliani S.L., Bushtueva K.A. Bases of a risk assessment for population health at exposure of the chemicals polluting environment. Moscow.: Nil JeCh i GOS, 2002. - 408 p. (in Russian)

NRC 2004. Air Quality Management in the United States. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. 2004.

NASA. Risk-informed decision making handbook (NASA/SP-2010-576). Technical report, NASA. 2010. 128 p. htps://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20100021361.pdf.

WHO. WHO Expert Meeting: Methods and tools for assessing the health risks of air pollution at local, national and international level. 2014. 112 p.

Rahmanin Ju.A., Novikov S.M., Avaliani S.L., Sinicyna O.O., Shashina T.A. Actual problems of environmental д factors risk assessment on human health and ways to improve it. Analiz riska zdorov’ju. 2015; (2): 4-14. (in Russian)

S. Hallegatte, J.Rentschler. Risk Management for Development-Assessing Obstacles and Prioritizing Action. Risk analysis’, 35 (2). 2015: 193-210.

T. Aven. Risk assessment and risk management: Review of recent advances on their foundation. European Journal of Operational Research. 2016; 253:1-13.

M. Power, L.S. McCarty. Risk-cost trade-offs in environmental risk management decision-making. Environmental Science & Policy. 2000; 3 (1): 31-8.

Safonov G.V. Economic analysis of environmental management methods. Energetik. 2007 (2): 15-6. (in Russian)

Craig L., Krewski D., Samet J., Shortreed J., Van Bree L. Strategies for clean air and health. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health. 2007; Part A; 70:1-4.

Health Canada. Health Canada Decision-Making Framework for Identifying, Assessing, and Managing Health Risks. 2010. 80 p.

U.S.EPA. Framework for Human Health Risk Assessment to Inform Decision Making. EPA/100/R-14/001. April 2014. 7.

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Using 21st Century Science to Improve Risk-Related Evaluations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. 2017. 201 p.

OECD. The Cost of Air Pollution. Health Impacts of Road Transport. 2014. 83.

WHO Regional Office for Europe, OECD. Economic cost of the health impact of air pollution in Europe: Clean air, health and wealth. Copenhagen. 2015. 66 p.

Anenberg S. C., Belova A., Brandt J., Fann N., Greco S., Guttikunda S., Heroux M.E., Hurley F., Krzyzanowski M., Medina S. etc. Survey of Ambient Air Pollution Health Risk Assessment Tools. Risk analysis’, 36 (9), Special Issue: Air Pollution Health Risks. September 2016: 1718-36.

Novikov S.M., Fokin M.V., Ungurjanu T.N. Actual problem of methodology and development of evidence-based health risk assessment associated with chemical exposure. Gigiena i Sanitarija. 2016; 95 (8): 711-6. (in Russian)

Onishhenko G.G. Health risk assessment and management as an effective tool to solve issues to ensure the health and epidemiological well-being of the russian federation population. Analiz riska zdorov’ju. 2013; (1): 4-14. (in Russian)

Zajceva N.V., Popova A.Ju., Maj I.V., Shur P.Z. Methods and technologies of health risk analysis in the system of state management under assurance of the sanitation and epidemiological welfare of population. Gigiena i Sanitarija. 2015; 94 (2): 104-8. (in Russian)

Popova A.Yu., Gurvich V.B., Kuz’min S.V., Mishina A.L., Yarushin S.V. Modern issues of the health risk assessment and management. Gigiena i Sanitarija. 2017; 96, (12): 1125-9. (in Russian)

Popova A.Yu., Gurvich V.B., Kuz’min S.V., Orlov M.S., Yarushin S. V., Mishina A.L. The paradigm of the development of the regulatory and methodological framework aimed to maintain sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population. Gigienci i Sanitarija. 2017; 96 (12): 1226-30. (in Russian)

Onishchenko G.G., Gurvich V.B., Kuz’min S.V., Yarushin S.V. Actual problems of environment quality management and public health. Ural’skiy meditsinskiy zhurnal. 2008 (11): 4-10. (in Russian)

Gurvich V.B., Kuz’min S.V., Dikonskaja O.V., Gileva M.A., Bojarskij A.P. Methodical approaches, experience and perspectives of the implementation of the risk model of surveillance activities in the sphere of the assurance of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of population, population’s health risk management and the Consumer Rights protection. Gigienci i Sanitarija. 2015; 94 (2): 104-8. (in Russian)

Popova A.Ju., Bragina I.V., Zajceva N.V., Maj I.V., Shur P.Z., Mitrohin O.V. et al. On the scientific and methodological support of the assessment of the performance and effectiveness of the control and supervision activity of the Federal Service For Surveillance On Consumer Rights Protection And Human Wellbeing. Gigiena i Sanitarija. 2017; 96 (1): 59. (in Russian)

Kuz’min S.V., Gurvich V.B., Dikonskaja pO.V., Nikonov B.I., Malyh O.L., Jarushin S.V. et al. Socio-hygienic monitoring and information analysis systems supporting the health risk assessment and management and a risk-focused model of supervisory activities in the sphere of securing sanitary and epidemiologic public welfare. Gigiena i Sanitarija. 2017; 96 (12): 1130-6. (in Russian).

National Research Council (2008), Public Participation in Environmental Assessment and Decision Making, Edited by Dietz, T. and P.C. Stern, The National Academies Press, Washington DC, 2008 323 p. www.nap.edu/catalog.php7record_idM2434

Kuz’min S.V., Gurvich V.B., YArushin S.V., Malykh O.L., Kuz’mina E.A. The system of managing the sanitary and epidemiologic situation based on socio-hygienic monitoring and health risk assessment methodology. Zdorov’e naseleniya i sreda obitaniya. 2010; 11(212): 16-9. (in Russian)

Andreeva E.E. Classification’s features of objects of sanitary and epidemiological surveillance by risk of causing the damage to health of the metropolis’ population. Analiz riska zdorov’ju. 2016; (1): 87-95. (in Russian)

The National Academies Press. Committee on Models in the Regulatory Decision Process. Models in Environmental Regulatory Decision Making. Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Division on Earth and Life Studies. Washington, DC: 2007. 287 p.

Integrated Risk Assessment //Report Prepared for the WHO/UNEP/ILO International Programme on Chemical Safety //WHO/IPCS/IRA/Ol/12. December 2001.