ОБЕСПЕЧЕННОСТЬ МИКРОНУТРИЕНТАМИ, ИММУННЫЙ ОТВЕТ И COVID-19

Вакцинация и меры гигиены являются основными стратегиями, которые помогают ограничить распространение и воздействие инфекций, в том числе острых респираторных заболеваний. Однако пандемия инфекции SARS-CoV-2 и тяжелые исходы COVID-19 требуют поиска дополнительных мер, направленных на снижение заболеваемости и смертности от коронавирусной инфекции. Дополнительной стратегией профилактики, безопасной и экономически эффективной, является оптимизация микронутриентного статуса больного. Витамины и минеральные вещества вовлечены в реализацию всех звеньев иммунного ответа, и недостаточная микронутриентная обеспеченность неизбежно сказывается на иммунном статусе. Влияние таких микронутриентов, как витамин D, аскорбиновая кислота, цинк, омега-3 полиненасыщенные жирные кислоты, на иммунный ответ изучается на протяжении нескольких десятилетий. Накоплена значительная доказательная база о значении обеспеченности этими нутриентами для адекватного иммунного ответа в контексте профилактики инфекционных болезней и особенностей их течения. В то же время недостаточная обеспеченность различными микронутриентами приобретает глобальный масштаб, затрагивая все страны и все слои населения. Обзор содержит данные о состоянии микронутриентного статуса населения, обсуждается роль ключевых иммунонутриентов в профилактике и лечении респираторных инфекций, приведены данные последних мета-анализов, представлены также рекомендации экспертов в области нутрициологии, разработанные в 2020 г. в связи с пандемией COVID-19.

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